Primary Domain
A Primary Domain sounds kinda obvious, however, if you are getting www.yourdomain.com search engine results that result in a "this site is unsafe" or Your connection isn't private" message when the link is clicked, then you need to know what it means.
Looking back in the Google Search Console help it would seem that the "Preferred Doamin" setting has been replaced by the Canonical declaration requirement. I was not setting that on my Parish Council pages.
Below is browser response that was for one of the domains that I administer,
The page was indexed by Google and in this case I was having problems requesting its removal. It has now been successfully requested.
https://, http:// and www.
These all could be seen a sub-domains. The frst two are more to do with the association of an SSL certificate to the URL and the underlying resource.
The www. subdomain is more to do with how you have setup your hosting. There should be a setting to re-direct requests for www. to go to your primary domain, or this sometimes is just automatic as historically all world wide web addresses were www. This is no longer the case ans www. can be treated in the same way as subdomain.primary_domain.com etc.
The security with respect to the SSL Certificate aslo needs to be configured correctly.
The SSL Certificate
This was also a problem that I was having with BWVH.uk when TSOHost were aquired by GoDaddy.